Dressed in black ceremonial robes and carrying an ebony staff topped with a golden lion, Black Rod is one of the most recognisable – and mysterious – figures in British public life.
Every year during the State Opening of Parliament, millions watch as the royal official marches to the House of Commons only to have the doors dramatically slammed shut in his face.
The moment symbolises the Commons’ independence from the Crown and remains one of the most famous traditions in British politics.
But behind the centuries-old ritual lies one of the oldest roles in the Royal Household.
Officially known as the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, the office dates back to around 1348 during the reign of Edward III.
The first recorded holder of the role was William Whitehorse, named in official Letters Patent in 1361.
Originally, Black Rod’s duties included guarding the meetings of the Order of the Garter and carrying a ceremonial rod before the monarch during major royal processions.
Today, Black Rod remains an officer of the Order of the Garter and plays a central role in royal ceremonies including the annual Garter Day procession at Windsor Castle.
However, the role is most closely associated with Parliament.
Black Rod serves as the Sovereign’s representative in the House of Lords and is responsible for discipline, security and ceremonial duties within the upper chamber.
The office of Black Rod and the Lords Serjeant at Arms were formally merged in 1971.
During the State Opening of Parliament, Black Rod is sent by the monarch from the House of Lords to summon MPs to hear the King’s Speech.
As tradition dictates, the doors of the Commons are slammed shut moments before arrival — a symbolic reminder that the monarch may not enter the elected chamber.
Black Rod then strikes the doors three times using the ebony rod before being admitted.
After walking to the centre of the chamber and bowing three times, Black Rod delivers the formal summons to MPs to attend the Sovereign in the House of Lords.
The role’s distinctive ceremonial uniform remains steeped in tradition, featuring a black tunic, knee breeches, silk stockings, buckled shoes, lace jabot and sword.
The ebony rod itself is topped with a gold lion bearing the royal cypher of Edward VII beneath a crown.
Lieutenant General Edward Davis became the latest holder of the office in 2025 after being appointed by the King.
He brings extensive military and diplomatic experience to the historic role, having previously served as Commandant General of the Royal Marines and Governor of Gibraltar.
This year’s State Opening of Parliament marks his first in office as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.
